The Criminal Justice System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example An in-depth analysis of the criminal cases reported in Britain in the past elaborates that black males have been, more of than not, involved in a vast majority of the offenses committed by the black community. Representation of black women in the crime is far less than that of black men. In addition to that, male juvenile crimes make a large portion of the total crimes committed by the black community in Britain. Particularly, black males aged 13 to 19 are fundamentally responsible for the number of crimes committed by the British black community. In a recent survey conducted by (HCHAC, 2007), the percentage of boys from all ethnic origins who confessed having indulged in crime was 13% against a mere 7% of the girls that made the confession of the crime and this fact is also evident from the fact that male prisoners were found to be 70986 more in number than the female prisoners till February of 2007. This proves that black girls are definitely quite less in number than black boys wh o are suspected of the crime yet their representation in the British criminal justice system is far more than that of non-black girls. Although there is a lot of controversy about the black male teenagers’ involvement in crime in general, yet there is no denying the fact that they do make a considerable portion of the criminals in Britain. â€Å"At the peak teenage, 19, blacks suffer firearms murder rates 17 to 20 times higher than do whites.† (Males, 2008). In order to minimize the widespread susceptibility of black male teenagers towards crime, and minimize the number of real young black male teenagers remaining within the existing form of British criminal justice system, it is imperative that the factors that increase their susceptibility towards crime are identified and evaluated against other ethnicities. The chief causes that defame black male teenagers as a non-considerate and socially irresponsible community include, but are not limited to social exclusion, poverty, and low social status, lack of discipline, lack of sufficient education, social disaffection.

How IT is used in Sainsburys Essay Example for Free

How IT is used in Sainsburys Essay Sainsburys was founded in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury. They opened their first small dairy shop at 173 Drury Lane, London. It was so successful that further branches were opened in other market streets in Stepney, Islington and Kentish Town. The firm has expanded gradually over a century and now cover most of the UK with 463 stores nationwide. Recently, the group has expanded in the USA, where it acquired the New England-based Shaws Supermarkets Ltd in 1987 and diversified into banking, with the establishment in 1997 of Sainsburys Bank. The Sainsbury group today is one of the worlds leading retailers, playing a part in the lives of 15 million customers a week and employing over 169,000 people by June 2001. In 1995, Sainsburys was the first British supermarket Company to offer goods for sale from home, which after many trials of different methods has become the Internet Shopping service, Sainsburys To You. The first method of home shopping was introduced in 1995 and was called Order Collect. This was trialled at Sainsburys Solihull store. It involved customers using a personal catalogue to order by fax and then collect their orders from the store. After a small number of further trials into the desirability of home shopping, Sainsburys To You was introduced in spring 2000. Sainsburys re-branded their home shopping service and introduced Sainsburys To You in the London area. Sainsburys To You represents a more personalised online service with a new look website compared with those from the previous trials. The site greets customers by name and has the facility for customers to create and save their own shopping lists. All other areas did not have the home shopping service at this time. Since this time, Sainsburys have expanded their home shopping service. Sainsburys To You is now the second largest online retailer of grocery products with current annual sales around i 110 million. They take over 27,000 orders per week from serving over 71% of UK households. The first major step towards this was the opening of Europes largest and most technologically advanced grocery picking centre in Park Royal, North-West of London, in August 2000. The location of the centre is perfect as it can serve the 7 million people living in Central and Greater London, which represents 14% of the UK households. The centre employs up to 500 staff and has meant it can serve within and beyond the M25 area. In order for Sainsburys To You to be able to respond to the high street demand of home shopping they implemented a more powerful hardware package with the introduction of Sainsburys To You which has meant the service has cut the time spent ordering groceries online by half as well as increased the reliability, general efficiency and security of Sainsburys home shopping sector. The re-branding also included the introduction of new-look deliver vans and staff uniforms. In September 2000 Sainsburys plc decided to outsource all IT requirements to Accenture formerly Anderson Consulting Accenture is one of the worlds leading management consulting and technology Services Company. They employ over 145,000 people in 47 countries. Of these, 60% are part-time and 40% full-time. 62% of employees are women. Today, Sainsburys is Britains longest-standing major food retailing chain. The founders principles are to be the customers first choice for food shopping by providing high-quality products, value for money, excellent service and attention to detail. * A large Sainsburys Supermarket offers over 23,000 products 40% of these are Sainsburys own brand. In addition to a wide range of quality food and grocery products, many stores offer bread baked on the premises, delicatessen, meat and fish counters, pharmacies, coffee shops, restaurants and petrol stations. * Sainsburys Supermarkets serves over 11 million customers a week and as at May 2003 had 535 stores throughout the UK. Nearly 60% of our stores are in town-centre or edge-of-centre locations, many of these built on previously derelict sites. Sainsburys home shopping history Order Collect: Sainsburys remote shopping trials began in 1995 with an Order and Collect service at Sainsburys Solihull store. Customers used a personal catalogue to order by fax and then collected their orders from the store. Orderline: Sainsburys Orderline service began in March 1998. Following trials and research, Orderline was trialled at nine stores in the London area. Sainsburys to you: Spring 2000, Sainsburys rebranded its home shopping service for existing customers in the London area. Sainsburys to you represents a more personalised online service with a new look website (www. sainsburystoyou. co. uk). The site greets customers by name and has the facility for customers to create and save their own shopping lists. With a more powerful hardware package, the service has cut the time spent ordering groceries online at Sainsburys by half. The rebranding also included the introduction of new-look delivery vans and staff uniforms.

The Dark Humor of Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Dark Humor of Hamlet  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's black humor is a direct result of too much anger: it leads to the alienation, and finally the death of the people who know him, and eventually causes his own death. First, Hamlet's reaction his mother's marriage right after Old Hamlet's funeral shows that his anger alienates him from his mother. Second, his reaction to Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is his indirect anger to the world, because Hamlet feels that everyone is betraying and using him. Lastly, the anger towards Gertrude is expressed in conversations with Ophelia which eventually leads to her death.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet tells Horatio that the food served in the funeral will be the same served in his mother's wedding. " The funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables." (Act 1, Scene 11, Line 180) It shows that Hamlet is really disturbed about his mother marrying his uncle the day after his father's death. Later on in the story, he loses his temper with his mother. "Mother, for your love of grace, Lay not the flattering unaction to your soul, That no...

Deception Point Page 107

Rachel fell onto her back against the cockpit's rear wall. Half submerged in sloshing water, she stared straight up at the leaking dome, hovering over her like a giant skylight. Outside was only night†¦ and thousands of tons of ocean pressing down. Rachel willed herself to get up, but her body felt dead and heavy. Again her mind reeled backward in time to the icy grip of a frozen river. â€Å"Fight, Rachel!† her mother was shouting, reaching down to pull her out of the water. â€Å"Grab on!† Rachel closed her eyes. I'm sinking. Her skates felt like lead weights, dragging her down. She could see her mother lying spread-eagle on the ice to disperse her own weight, reaching out. â€Å"Kick, Rachel! Kick with your feet!† Rachel kicked as best as she could. Her body rose slightly in the icy hole. A spark of hope. Her mother grabbed on. â€Å"Yes!† her mother shouted. â€Å"Help me lift you! Kick with your feet!† With her mother pulling from above, Rachel used the last of her energy to kick with her skates. It was just enough, and her mother dragged Rachel up to safety. She dragged the soaking Rachel all the way to the snowy bank before collapsing in tears. Now, inside the growing humidity and heat of the sub, Rachel opened her eyes to the blackness around her. She heard her mother whispering from the grave, her voice clear even here in the sinking Triton. Kick with your feet. Rachel looked up at the dome overhead. Mustering the last of her courage, Rachel clambered up onto the cockpit chair, which was oriented almost horizontally now, like a dental chair. Lying on her back, Rachel bent her knees, pulled her legs back as far as she could, aimed her feet upward, and exploded forward. With a wild scream of desperation and force, she drove her feet into the center of the acrylic dome. Spikes of pain shot into her shins, sending her brain reeling. Her ears thundered suddenly, and she felt the pressure equalize with a violent rush. The seal on the left side of the dome gave way, and the huge lens partially dislodged, swinging open like a barn door. A torrent of water crashed into the sub and drove Rachel back into her chair. The ocean thundered in around her, swirling up under her back, lifting her now off the chair, tossing her upside down like a sock in a washing machine. Rachel groped blindly for something to hold on to, but she was spinning wildly. As the cockpit filled, she could feel the sub begin a rapid free fall for the bottom. Her body rammed upward in the cockpit, and she felt herself pinned. A rush of bubbles erupted around her, twisting her, dragging her to the left and upward. A flap of hard acrylic smashed into her hip. All at once she was free. Twisting and tumbling into the endless warmth and watery blackness, Rachel felt her lungs already aching for air. Get to the surface! She looked for light but saw nothing. Her world looked the same in all directions. Blackness. No gravity. No sense of up or down. In that terrifying instant, Rachel realized she had no idea which way to swim. Thousands of feet beneath her, the sinking Kiowa chopper crumpled beneath the relentlessly increasing pressure. The fifteen high-explosive, antitank AGM-114 Hellfire missiles still aboard strained against the compression, their copper liner cones and spring-detonation heads inching perilously inward. A hundred feet above the ocean floor, the powerful shaft of the megaplume grabbed the remains of the chopper and sucked it downward, hurling it against the red-hot crust of the magma dome. Like a box of matches igniting in series, the Hellfire missiles exploded, tearing a gaping hole through the top of the magma dome. Having surfaced for air, and then dove again in desperation, Michael Tolland was suspended fifteen feet underwater scanning the blackness when the Hellfire missiles exploded. The white flash billowed upward, illuminating an astonishing image-a freeze-frame he would remember forever. Rachel Sexton hung ten feet below him like a tangled marionette in the water. Beneath her, the Triton sub fell away fast, its dome hanging loose. The sharks in the area scattered for the open sea, clearly sensing the danger this area was about to unleash. Tolland's exhilaration at seeing Rachel out of the sub was instantly vanquished by the realization of what was about to follow. Memorizing her position as the light disappeared, Tolland dove hard, clawing his way toward her. Thousands of feet down, the shattered crust of the magma dome exploded apart, and the underwater volcano erupted, spewing twelve-hundred-degree-Celsius magma up into the sea. The scorching lava vaporized all the water it touched, sending a massive pillar of steam rocketing toward the surface up the central axis of the megaplume. Driven by the same kinematic properties of fluid dynamics that powered tornadoes, the steam's vertical transfer of energy was counterbalanced by an anticyclonic vorticity spiral that circled the shaft, carrying energy in the opposite direction. Spiraling around this column of rising gas, the ocean currents started intensifying, twisting downward. The fleeing steam created an enormous vacuum that sucked millions of gallons of seawater downward into contact with the magma. As the new water hit bottom, it too turned into steam and needed a way to escape, joining the growing column of exhaust steam and shooting upward, pulling more water in beneath it. As more water rushed in to take its place, the vortex intensified. The hydrothermal plume elongated, and the towering whirlpool grew stronger with every passing second, its upper rim moving steadily toward the surface. An oceanic black hole had just been born. Rachel felt like a child in a womb. Hot, wet darkness all engulfing her. Her thoughts were muddled in the inky warmth. Breathe. She fought the reflex. The flash of light she had seen could only have come from the surface, and yet it seemed so far away. An illusion. Get to the surface. Weakly, Rachel began swimming in the direction where she had seen the light. She saw more light now†¦ an eerie red glow in the distance. Daylight? She swam harder. A hand caught her by the ankle. Rachel half-screamed underwater, almost exhaling the last of her air. The hand pulled her backward, twisting her, pointing her back in the opposite direction. Rachel felt a familiar hand grasp hers. Michael Tolland was there, pulling her along with him the other way. Rachel's mind said he was taking her down. Her heart said he knew what he was doing. Kick with your feet, her mother's voice whispered. Rachel kicked as hard as she could. 130 Even as Tolland and Rachel broke the surface, he knew it was over. The magma dome erupted. As soon as the top of the vortex reached the surface, the giant underwater tornado would begin pulling everything down. Strangely, the world above the surface was not the quiet dawn he had left only moments ago. The noise was deafening. Wind slashed at him as if some kind of storm had hit while he was underwater. Tolland felt delirious from lack of oxygen. He tried to support Rachel in the water, but she was being pulled from his arms. The current! Tolland tried to hold on, but the invisible force pulled harder, threatening to tear her from him. Suddenly, his grip slipped, and Rachel's body slid through his arms-but upward. Bewildered, Tolland watched Rachel's body rise out of the water. Overhead, the Coast Guard Osprey tilt-rotor airplane hovered and winched Rachel in. Twenty minutes ago, the Coast Guard had gotten a report of an explosion out at sea. Having lost track of the Dolphin helicopter that was supposed to be in the area, they feared an accident. They typed the chopper's last known coordinates into their navigation system and hoped for the best. About a half mile from the illuminated Goya, they saw a field of burning wreckage drifting on the current. It looked like a speedboat. Nearby, a man was in the water, waving his arms wildly. They winched him in. He was stark naked-all except for one leg, which was covered with duct tape.

Love and Diane Essay

Synopsis Love & Diane tells the epic story of a family over three generations. At its heart lies the highly charged relationship between a mother and daughter, desperate for love and forgiveness but caught in a devastating cycle. For Love, the world changed forever when she and her siblings were torn from their mother, Diane. Separated from her family and thrust into a terrifying world of institutions and foster homes, the memory of that moment is more vivid to her than her present life. Ten years have passed since that day and Love and her five siblings have been reunited with their mother. But all have been changed by the years of separation. They are almost strangers to each other and Love is tormented by the thought that it was her fault. At 8 years old she was the one who revealed to a teacher that her mother was an drug addict. Now she is 18 and HIV+. And she has just given birth to a son, Donyaeh. For Love & Diane this baby represents everything good and hopeful for the future. But that hope is mixed with fear. Donyaeh has been born with the HIV virus and months must pass before his final status is known. As Diane struggles to make her family whole again and to realize some of her own dreams, Love seems to be drifting further and further away from her child. Diane, torn by her own guilt over her children’s fate when she was an addict, tries to help and to care for her grandson. But when Diane confides her fears for her daughter to a therapist, the police suddenly appear at the door. Donyaeh is taken from Love’s arms and it seems to the family as if history has repeated itself. Now Love must face the same ordeal her mother had faced years before. She is charged with neglect and must prove to a world of social workers, therapists and prosecutors that she is a fit mother. And Diane must find the courage to turn away from her guilt and grasp a chance to pursue her long-deferred dreams. While the film takes us deep into the life of a single family, it also offers a provocative look at the Byzantine â€Å"system† that aims to help but as often frustrates the family’s attempts to improve their situation. The film differs from many documentaries that deal with the problems facing poor communities in that it eschews â€Å"talking eads† and interviews with â€Å"experts† and aims instead to immerse the viewer in the experiences and thoughts of a family trying to survive and retain autonomy in the face of terrible challenges. Love ; Diane: Inner-City Blues: An Interview with Jennifer Dworkin For over eight years Jennifer Dworkin documented the personal struggles of a recovering crack addict and her troubled daughter in Love ; Diane. Fellow â€Å"long-term† filmmaker Steve James talks with Dworkin about her epic work of American v’rit’ filmmaking. I first heard about Jennifer Dworkin’s Love & Diane when it played at the 2002 New York Film Festival. Though I missed seeing it because I live in Chicago, the word was that this was a special film, one in which the filmmaker spent years intimately following the lives of a family. Since that’s been my own filmmaking â€Å"M. O. ,† I knew this was a documentary I had to see. So in November, when I finally did settle into my seat at Amsterdam’s International Documentary Festival to watch the film, I had pretty high expectations. Love & Diane lived up to them and more. It’s a powerful, uncompromising, yet compassionate portrait of a mother and daughter coping with a hard life in Brooklyn and an even more difficult personal history between them. In the best sense of the word, the film is a throwback to the heyday of cinema v’rit’ filmmaking in the ’60s and early ’70s, When the Maysles were in their prime and young filmmakers like Barbara Kopple were making their mark. Love ; Diane is one of those films where the filmmaker earned such intimate access and the trust of her subjects that it gives viewers a rare and complex glimpse into the lives of people we rarely really see in films. And like most great film subjects, Diane Hazzard and her daughter, Love, continually confound our expectations of what it means to be a â€Å"ghetto mom† or an â€Å"ex-crack addict† or a â€Å"black teenage mother. † Meeting and getting to know the director, Jennifer Dworkin, was one of the pleasures of the Amsterdam festival. My film, Stevie, also played there, and Jennifer and I found unexpected common ground in the stories each of our films tells. Both films deal with troubled family history, struggles between a parent and child, foster care, poverty and the social service and legal systems. Yet, in other ways, Stevie and Love ; Diane, couldn’t be more different. Filmmaker gave me a chance to talk further with Jennifer about her impressive first film and compare notes about how we each went about making such demanding and challenging films. Steve James: How long did you spend on this film? Jennifer Dworkin: You know, I never answer that question. James: Really? Dworkin: No, just kidding [laughs]. If you count directions I started but didn’t end up using in the film, about eight years, including editing. But not full time. James: Of course not. How could one survive? Dworkin: Exactly.

Michael Jackson essays

Michael Jackson essays 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obse...

Why was Germany treated harshly by the big Four after WWI essays

Why was Germany treated harshly by the big Four after WWI essays Germany was treated harshly to prevent it from ever being a threat to the Big Four. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles was put forth by the Big Four mainly to exert revenge and to safeguard their territorial interests, for fear that Germany will become a determined aggressor once again to start another war. Firstly, Germany was the country that started the war on the big scale, bounded by its alliance with Austria, hence dragging the rest off Europe into a long war. Therefore, the Big Four put the blame of the casualties and devastation of the countries involved in the war on Germany. 1.4 million French soldiers were killed, 9hundred thousand British soldiers were killed and many more from the Allies. As a result, they saw it reasonable for Germany to be punished. Among the Big Four, it was the French prime minister who wanted the Germany to be treated as harshly as possible. Georges Clemenceau had revenge on mind as France incurred heavy casualties. The war had been fought mostly on French soil, which took a heavy toll on both the land and the economy. Hence, Clemenceau wanted Germany thoroughly weakened such that it would never again be a threat to France. This was extremely important to France as Germany lies on the border of France. By imposing huge reparation fee on Germany would make sure that Germany would not have extra funds for military weapons and soldiers. At the same time it will also ensure that the destruction that France incurred would be paid overtime. Hence, this explains the harsh reparation fee of 6.6 million pounds. Lloyd George, prime minister of Britain, did not want to see Germany punished too severely for he feared that a weakened Germany might be a serious threat. However, he had promised the British people in his election campaign that he would make Germany pay for starting the war. His main concern was in ensuring that the German navy would never emerge as a threat to the British navy since t...

Egyptian View of Death and Their Pyramids

Egyptian View of Death and Their Pyramids The Egyptian view of death during the dynastic period involved elaborate mortuary rituals, including the careful preservation of bodies through mummification as well as immensely rich royal burials such as that of Seti I and Tutankhamun, and construction of the pyramids, the largest and most long-lived monumental architecture known in the world. The Egyptian religion is described in the vast body of mortuary literature found and deciphered after the discovery of the Rosetta Stone. The primary texts are the Pyramid Texts - murals painted and carved onto walls of the pyramids dated to the Old Kingdom Dynasties 4 and 5; the Coffin Texts - decorations painted on elite individual coffins after the Old Kingdom, and the Book of the Dead. The Basics of the Egyptian Religion All of that was part and parcel of the Egyptian religion, a polytheistic system, which included a number of different gods and goddesses, each of whom was responsible for a specific aspect of life and the world. For example, Shu was the god of the air, Hathor the goddess of sexuality and love, Geb the god of the earth, and Nut the goddess of the sky. However, unlike the classic Greek and Roman mythologies, the Egyptians gods didnt have much of a backstory. There was no specific dogma or doctrine, nor was there a set of required beliefs. There was no standard of orthodoxy. In fact, the Egyptian religion may have lasted for 2,700 years because local cultures could adapt and create new traditions, all of which were considered valid and correct - even if they had internal contradictions. A Hazy View of the Afterlife There may have been no highly developed and intricate narratives about the actions and deeds of the gods, but there was a firm belief in a realm that existed beyond the visible one. Humans could not comprehend this other world intellectually but they could experience it through mythic and cultic practices and rituals. In the Egyptian religion, the world and the universe were part of a strict and unchanging order of stability called Maat. This was both an abstract idea, a concept of universal stability, and the goddess who represented that order. Maat came into existence at the time of creation, and she continued to be the principle for the stability of the universe. The universe, the world, and the political state all had their appointed place in the world based on a principle system of order. Maat and a Sense of Order Maat was in evidence with the daily return of the Sun, the regular rise and fall of the Nile River, the annual return of the seasons. While Maat was in control, the positive powers of light and life would always overcome the negative forces of darkness and death: nature and the universe were on the side of humanity. And humanity was represented by the ones who had died, especially the rulers who were incarnations of the god Horus. Maat was not threatened, as long as man was no longer threatened by eternal annihilation. During his or her life, the pharaoh was the earthly embodiment of Maat and the effective agent through which Maat was realized; as the incarnation of Horus, the pharaoh was the direct heir of Osiris. His role was to make sure the obvious order of Maat was maintained and to take positive action to restore that order if it was lost. It was crucial for the nation that the pharaoh successfully made it to the afterlife, to maintain Maat. Securing a Place in the Afterlife At the heart of the Egyptian view of death was the Osiris myth. At sunset every day, the Sun god Ra traveled along a heavenly barge illuminating the deep caverns of the underworld to meet and battle Apophis, the great serpent of darkness and oblivion, and succeed to rise again the next day. When an Egyptian died, not just the pharaoh, they had to follow the same path as the Sun. At the end of that journey, Osiris sat in judgment. If the human had led a righteous life, Ra would guide their souls to immortality, and once united with Osiris, the soul could be reborn. When a pharaoh died, the journey became crucial to the whole nation - as Horus/Osiris and the pharaoh could continue to keep the world in balance. Although there wasnt a specific moral code, Maats divine principles said that to live a righteous life meant a citizen kept moral order. A person was always part of Maat and if he or she disordered Maat, he or she would find no place in the afterworld. To live a good life, a person would not steal, lie, or cheat; not defraud widows, orphans, or the poor; and not harm others or offend the gods. The upright individual would be kind and generous to others, and benefit and help those around him or her. Building a Pyramid Since it was important to see that a pharaoh made it to the afterlife, the internal structures of the pyramids and the royal burials in the Valleys of the Kings and Queens were built with intricate passageways, multiple corridors, and servants tombs. The shape and number of the internal chambers varied and features such as pointed roofs and starry ceilings were in a constant state of reformulation. The earliest pyramids had an internal pathway to the tombs that ran north/south, but by the construction of the Step Pyramid, all corridors began on the west side and led toward the east, marking the journey of the Sun. Some of the corridors led up and down and up again; some took a 90-degree bend in the middle, but by the sixth dynasty, all entrances started at ground level and headed eastward. Sources Billing, Nils. â€Å"Monumentalizing the Beyond. Reading the Pyramid before and after the Pyramid Texts.†Ã‚  Studien Zur Altgyptischen Kultur, vol. 40, 2011, pp. 53–66.Kemp, Barry, et al. â€Å"Life, Death and beyond in Akhenatens Egypt: Excavating the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna.†Ã‚  Antiquity, vol. 87, no. 335, 2013, pp. 64–78.Mojsov, Bojana. â€Å"The Ancient Egyptian Underworld in the Tomb of Sety I: Sacred Books of Eternal Life.†Ã‚  The Massachusetts Review, vol. 42, no. 4, 2001, pp. 489–506.Tobin, Vincent Arieh. â€Å"Mytho-Theology in Ancient Egypt.†Ã‚  Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, vol. 25, 1988, pp. 169–183.

How did changes in technology affect the conduct of warfare in the Essay - 1

How did changes in technology affect the conduct of warfare in the ancient world - Essay Example Battles were primarily fought for two reasons that include defense and expansion. Egyptians had to face invasions from their neighboring dominions, while for Greeks; Persian Empire was their major threat. Raising armies and developing state of the art weaponry was essential for the survival of both the empires. The changes in the technology paved the way to glory for both the empires in their respected periods of history. The main emphasis of this discussion will be on the technological analysis of the empires from the ancient world. The New Kingdom of Egypt and the Classical Ages of Greek Empire will be discussed here in detail. It was the Seventeenth Dynasty that brought an end to the rule of Hyksos, and paved the way for the Egyptians to take charge of the land. Once the center was under the control of the Egyptians, the era of the New Kingdom commenced. Three dynasties ruled Egypt during this phase of the Ancient Egypt; they include the Eighteenth Dynasty, the Nineteenth Dynasty and the Twentieth Dynasty (McDermott, 2004). Until the Second Intermediate Period, there was no organized army of the Egyptians. During the times of war, the governors of the states were ordered by the kings to arrange men for the battle. The New Kingdom of Egypt was the era of reconstruction, innovation and expansion. During this period the Egyptian Kingdom attained its maximum size (Shaw, 1991). It was economically more stable considering the commerce and trade that brought in gold and ivory in return of the agricultural produce. Unlike, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom did not focused on the common man, however, during this period the social order was kept intact. Pharaohs were once again the center of all attention, and a major chunk of man power was assigned to build new pyramids, and burial places for the kings (Healy, 1992). The reign of Hyksos over the deltas of Nile taught Egyptians a number of things. Their rule in the region inspired the future

Essay on Finance Articles Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Finance Articles - Essay Example To fulfil Doha's mission to alleviate global poverty, the developed world must at the minimum, be prepared to waive tariffs and quotas on exports from countries officially declared least developed. However, they are loath to do so due to domestic compulsions. Studies carried out by the World bank show that if tariffs and quotas were to be totally done away with, it could "boost income in developing countries by $86 bn and pull an extra 30 million people out of poverty". However, the models used by the World bank do not factor in all possible variables and hence the figures are debatable, some other models for example predict a reduction in poverty by 2% for every 1% increase in income, but with globally variable distribution patterns. The Doha talks also suffer from a misplaced sense of priorities. In concentrating only on slashing tariffs in the agriculture sector, it is focussing its efforts on the one area where it is least likely to have any positive impact on the economies' of the least developed countries. It is felt that if subsidies are removed, world food prices will rise, hurting the consumers, the majority of whom are in the least developed countries. ... This is a major achievement in itself. For a change, the developing and least developed countries have a forum in which to voice their legitimated grievances. Partnerships between countries such as between China - Brazil - India have also highlighted the growing clout of these emerging economies and their willingness to stand up to the developed world to counter what they perceive as 'economic imperialism'. References The Economist, December 10th 2005, pp 75-76. ARTICLE 2 - NEW FRIENDSHIPS AND PETROPUZZLES China's unquestionable thirst for oil in the world market is well known, as it seeks to sustain a booming economy, with China's oil demand shooting up by 15% in 2005. A major share of China's oil supplies come from Saudi Arabia and the interdependence between China and Saudi Arabia is evident from the fact that King Abdullah's first official trip outside the Middle East was not to the United Sates but to China. A growing economy should have resulted in a corresponding growing demand for oil. However, China once again confounded al experts by disclosing that its oil demand fell by 0.2% in 2005. Other experts, however, scoff at these figures and maintain that demand actually rose by between 6.4% and 8% in line with economic trends. If China's figures were to be believed, then the OPEC might have to consider cutting production in order to maintain oil prices, even though parallel events in Nigeria and Iran fuelled speculations about a possible rise in oil prices. In Nigeria, attacks by militants resulted in a decrease in production by about 200,000 barrels per day (bpd). Iran's nuclear ambitions and threats to cut production in the face of

DIY Behavior interviews Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DIY Behavior interviews - Assignment Example In connection to this, the college students are no exception. First interviewee felt that most of the employers are interested to candidates who are able to provide quality production and are easy to work with. In connection to this, any college student willing to get chance need to be creative enough while going through the interview question (Herrero 13). Second interviewee; the DIY has nothing more than an elaborate and unique mechanism that is used by most employers to identify candidates who have some social advantages. Third interviewee; the practical of carrying out the DIY by most of the employers provides them with appropriate employees who are well social, committed and ready for quality and quantity production within their various points of work (â€Å"The Complete Outdoor Builder† Web). Fourth interviewee; There is a need for a student to work hard in school to achieve the desired goals in life. Having the DIY in mind to the college, the student will be in a position of being reasonable and essential in education matters. Fifth interviewee; the students will be in a position of working extra hard to beat up the challenges that they may face in future life while they are alone. We managed to carry out a project of College Care Package. First interviewee; the project made us know some of the requirements an individual joining grand school should have. In first place we realised that one should stay caffeinated to fifth sleep off in order to get straight A’s by studying smart (Speed, Mark & Jenny Web). Second interviewee; though, some students still adore minor needs that play no significance role in their studies such as fun food and tricks. Third interviewee; We managed to buy some for our five friends who really became happy with us simply because we wanted to be sure to what extend college students loves minor things. Fourth interviewee;

Assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assigment - Assignment Example Use of fibre optics or any other swift data transfer model is highly suitable to ensure instant transmission of signals following process at every processor unit. The databases and the communications facilities should be configured to entail majorly two notable configurations that include a centralized configuration and parallel system. Centralized database configuration enables the clients to bank at any point of the stated 11 branches. Centralization of the activities aims considering every activity undertaken in every client’s respective bank account. It aims at minimisation of errors or failures which may see the bank lose huge chunks of money to the surrounding. All the processes of withdrawing cash from the branches should effectively be processed at one central point, and it should lead to updating of the client’s database effectively. The deposits of cash, remuneration or payment of customer bills and deposits of checks can as well be undertaken on the mainframe. Secondly, the databases and data communications facilities at First State Bank should be configured to allow for the parallel database that aims at creating a parallel processing and thus avail two main important properties. The main properties include high speed up and subsequent excellent scale up qualities. Parallel database allows for the sharing various peripherals that would equally allow for automatic teller machines process and checking process or even saving accounts. By coordination other branches PCs, all the process are amply undertaken without much difficulty (Hall & Hall, 2011). In conclusion, the centralized database configuration with inherent entailed parallel database will highly allow for the highest levels of intended high speed client service by the system. In proper combination with hardware and software updated systems, there will be excellent improvement in the system output in terms of processing speed and relay speed. Systems

The Big Parallel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Big Parallel - Essay Example The paper herein seeks to compare keenly and contrast the teachings that are contained in the Quran and those in the Hebrews Bible as well as in the New Testament. In addition, the paper will carefully bring into focus most of the theological issues such as the ritual aspects of Islam, the ethical nature of Allah, the doctrines of creation among other issues. The Bible and Qur’an normally have several similarities, as both are considered holy by Christians and the Muslims respectively. Both are comprised of teachings, narratives, poetry whereby in both, there is rebuking in case one goes off the line of expectations by the teachings. In both, there are clear teachings of the how the creation came into existence all by a Supreme Being. In the Qur’an, Muslims believe that God dictated every word in the Holy book, therefore; it is perfect just like God to them is (Warraq 34). Equally, the Christians believe that the Bible is simply true as it was written by people that were inspired by God Himself. Christians firmly believe that the bible is indeed an actual record of Almighty God’s revelation to the Jews and even through Christ Jesus. The two holy books are accorded sufficient respect. The Bible and Quran have used a lot of common figures. For instance, for the same narratives both identify the prophets such as Imram, Enoch, Ishmael and Job. In the teachings of both Quran and the Bible, there is a common belief that Jesus for Christians and Mohammad for Muslims was a messenger of one God. Therefore believing major people such as Moses, Jesus, Adam and Muhammad is a definite requirement for all people that associate themselves with Islam or Christianity. As Christians, the Muslims as well have a strong belief that Mary was chaste and was a virgin who miraculously brought forth Jesus. In addition, the Christians and Muslims have faith in the teachings that Jesus was able to perform miracles (Taussig 20). To Muslims, they believe that

Assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assigment - Assignment Example Use of fibre optics or any other swift data transfer model is highly suitable to ensure instant transmission of signals following process at every processor unit. The databases and the communications facilities should be configured to entail majorly two notable configurations that include a centralized configuration and parallel system. Centralized database configuration enables the clients to bank at any point of the stated 11 branches. Centralization of the activities aims considering every activity undertaken in every client’s respective bank account. It aims at minimisation of errors or failures which may see the bank lose huge chunks of money to the surrounding. All the processes of withdrawing cash from the branches should effectively be processed at one central point, and it should lead to updating of the client’s database effectively. The deposits of cash, remuneration or payment of customer bills and deposits of checks can as well be undertaken on the mainframe. Secondly, the databases and data communications facilities at First State Bank should be configured to allow for the parallel database that aims at creating a parallel processing and thus avail two main important properties. The main properties include high speed up and subsequent excellent scale up qualities. Parallel database allows for the sharing various peripherals that would equally allow for automatic teller machines process and checking process or even saving accounts. By coordination other branches PCs, all the process are amply undertaken without much difficulty (Hall & Hall, 2011). In conclusion, the centralized database configuration with inherent entailed parallel database will highly allow for the highest levels of intended high speed client service by the system. In proper combination with hardware and software updated systems, there will be excellent improvement in the system output in terms of processing speed and relay speed. Systems

Capital Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example Political campaigns, religious leaders, and foreign press make quite a spectacle of how the United States legal system regularly sentences people to die for the crimes they have committed. As such, the United States is a bit of a novelty in the developed world as one of the last few 1st world countries in which the death penalty is not only still legal but employed in great numbers (Debrevnik, 2004). This short analysis is far too brief to provide the level of critique that a topic such as the death penalty deserves; however, this analysis will discuss a few of the strengths and weaknesses of the death penalty in its current form and weigh them against some of its greatest weaknesses to provide the reader with a clearer understanding and sense of moral responsibility with relation to whether or not the death penalty is a net good or a net evil in the criminal justice system and in our society as a whole. It is necessary to note that although this author is in favor of the death penal ty, there are many serious drawbacks to its application, the high economic costs it entails, and the oftentimes arbitrary nature with which it has been historically employed. Although these concerns are valid, the author maintains that notwithstanding many of the current drawbacks associated with the death penalty, the morality and ethics behind it are still poignant enough to merit its support. From a purely economic standpoint, capital punishment is an extraordinarily expensive form of punishment. As compared with life in prison, the average cost of execution is approximately the same cost to keep a prisoner housed and fed for over 100 years. Currently, the average cost of execution in California exceeds 4 million dollars per criminal executed. Comparatively, the average cost to keep a prisoner housed and fed as well as ensuring proper health care and medicine usually does not exceed $35,000 per year (Semeshenko et al, 2012). At such an exorbitantly high expense, it is clear that choosing capital punishment on the grounds that killing the criminal will somehow save the state money over time is entirely illogical. As such, the argument for execution does not hinge on economic savings; instead, it hinges upon the Judeo-Christian belief of â€Å"an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth†. In this way, the major supporters of the death penalty believe that certain crimes are so heinous that rehabilitation is not possible. As such, one’s life is forfeit for certain crimes if convicted. This further raises the tangential issue of the purpose of prison; whether it is it to rehabilitate or to punish. According to death penalty activists, prison’s primary objective is to punish with rehabilitation being a very distant second. A secondary issue with the death penalty in its current form is that they death penalty has been proven not to be a significant deterrent against the crimes it punishes. With the United States being a prime example, it is ob vious that murder rates in the United States are comparably higher than almost any other nation that currently does not have the death penalty as a legal option for a convicted criminal. Accordingly, the death penalty cannot be seen as adequate deterrent to dissuade would-be criminals from committing crime; however, it can be seen as a barometer of a society’s overall tolerance for violent crime and the clear and

Integrative Network Design Essay Example for Free

Integrative Network Design Essay Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer. Their products include plastic beverage containers produced in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts produced in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced in Hang Zhou, China (UOPX, 2013, p. 1). Riordan’s research and development is in San Jose, California (Corporate Headquarters). Riordans main customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers (UOPX, 2013, p. 1). Team B and associates were task by Riordan to analysis Riordan’s WAN and add a wireless Network to Riordan Manufacturing, also to analyze and update Riordan’s Internet security in each of the locations and provide documentation for security policies and procedures. What is a wireless network and what are the benefits of going wireless. With the current wireless technology, Wi-Fi is everywhere; one can connect to the Internet by going to coffee houses, airports, hospitals, hotels, and homes. Businesses can stay connected to their coworkers and customers without being tied to their office desk by using wireless networks and Wi-Fi hotspots. Wireless local-area network (WLAN) allows personnel to connect to their computers without wires or cables. A wireless network uses radio waves to connect and communicate within a certain area to mobile devices. If someone needs a document while attending a meeting in the conference room or one needs to access the inventory list from the warehouse. A wireless network allows one to access the company’s Internet and retrieve documents on their mobile devises without leaving the meeting or going back to their office. Benefits of Wireless Networking The benefits of company’s going wireless include convenience, mobility productivity, and ease of set up, scalability, security, and cost. Mobile devices in today’s society are equipped with Wi-Fi technology and able to connect to a WLAN. Convenience: employees can access securely to their company’s network resources from any location within their coverage area. The coverage area normally is the office building but is able to expand to other company facilities. Mobility: employees are connected to the network when they are not at their office desk. People in meetings can access documents and applications with their mobile devices. Salespeople can access the company’s network from any location. Productivity: employees accessing their documents and applications are the key to get the job done, and it encourages teamwork. Customers also have access to the company’s Internet using a secure guest access to view their business data. Ease of setup: business do not have to run cables through the facilities, installation is quick and cost-effective. WLAN’s make it easier to for hard to reach locations to have connectivity to the network. Scalability: with businesses expand, company’s need to expand quickly along with their network. Wireless network expands with the current existing equipment. Security: the success in controlling and managing secure access to a business’s wireless network is very important. Security managers must be knowledgeable with the advanced Wi-Fi technology and needs to provide vigorous security protections to protect their data, but only giving permission to who need access. Cost: businesses that operate with and WLAN, reduces wiring costs during office upgrades. How Riordan Manufacturing can use a wireless Networking Company’s using a wireless networks are boosting productivity and encourage data information sharing. Employees can wander throughout the building using mobile devices and still have constant access to documents, e-mails, applications, and other network resources required to do their jobs. Employees using wireless LAN can travel throughout the office building without losing Internet connectivity. Employees having a team meeting or in conference can have the most updated communications, including all documents and applications on the network. Voice over internet protocol (VOIP) technology; also have roaming capabilities in their voice communications. Improved responsiveness Customers require rapid replies to questions and concerns. A WLAN improves customer service or relationships by connecting employees to the data information. Better access to information WLAN’s allow business’s access to all areas in the building without any connectivity issues. WLAN’s are very effective in warehouses, manufacturing plants, and distribution centers. Employees can access inventories and providing accurate figures in real time to management. Easier network expansion Businesses expanding and hiring new employees are easily added the network by the network administrator. Office furniture is easily moved and employees are added or removed to/from the network without issues. Enhanced guest access WLAN’s allow businesses to provide secure wireless access to the Internet for guests or visitors. Hospitals, restaurants, hotels, coffee shops, and other public businesses provide WI-FI to all mobile devices. The IT administrator will need to verify that all the desktop PCs already have the integrated Wi-Fi hardware installed or the PC’s will need to upgraded. Switching to a WLAN does not mean switching changing from ones existing wired network. It is common for businesses to have a wired-wireless network that provides wireless capabilities to conference rooms or in new expanded office spaces. WLAN’s also supports VOIP for the conference rooms. IT managers should be aware of some of the technical aspects of WLAN’s. The WLAN network covers approximately about 3,000 square feet. The range of a wireless router could be affected by walls and cubicles, and the signals are hard to be received in elevators. Other issues IT managers should be made aware of include: †¢Wireless router is shared between 15-20 users per each access point for data, 8-12 for VOIP †¢VOIP quality, wireless routers need to be installed closer together †¢Routers have enhanced coverage when they are installed on the ceiling. Security policies and procedures in a WLAN are very important to consider when establishing a wireless network. Security policies that need to be considered: †¢Data encryption †¢User authentication †¢Secure access for visitors †¢Control systems. To prove that the design meets the data rate requirements, you need to calculate the required data transfer rate for all your networks. Backups over the network must move the data from all your clients, to your media servers fast enough to finish backups within your backup window. To calculate the data transfer rate, use this formula: Required network data transfer rate = (amount of data to back up) / (backup window) the chart below shows the typical transfer rates of some of the more resent network technologies. Table: Network data transfer rates (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Network TechnologyTheoretical gigabytes per hourTypical gigabytes per hour 100BaseT (switched)3625 1000BaseT (switched)360250 10000BaseT (switched)360025 Here is an example of how to calculate the required data transfer rate for your network: (Symantec Corp, 2013, p. 1) Use the following assumptions: †¢Amount of data to back up = 500 gigabytes †¢Backup window = 8 hours †¢Required network transfer rate = 500 gigabytes/8hr = 62. 5 gigabytes per hour Solution 1: Network Technology = 100BaseT (switched) Typical transfer rate = 25 gigabytes per hour A single 100BaseT network has a transfer rate of 25 gigabytes per hour. This network cannot handle your required data transfer rate of 62. 5 gigabytes per hour. In this case, you would have to explore other options, such as the following; backing up your data over a faster network (1000BaseT), large servers to dedicated tape drives (SAN media servers), SAN connections by means of SAN Client. Performing off-host backups using Snapshot Client to present a snapshot directly to a media server that backups during a longer time window, performs your backups over faster dedicated networks such as solution 2: Network Technology = 1000BaseT (switched) and Typical transfer rate = 250 gigabytes per hour Based on the above network table; a single 1000BaseT network has a transfer rate of 250 gigabytes per hour. This network has much more capacity to handle the backups for this system. To build a backup system for you network; you complete the following. The data transfer rates for your networks must be calculated in order to identify your various problems and potential bottlenecks. (The latest breaking technological solutions for dealing with multiple networks problems and potential bottlenecks are readily available for installation. ) Once the data transfer rates required for your backups are calculated, the rate of transfer must be able to achieve a complete backup of all your data within the allotted time. Then you must determine the most efficient type of tape or disk technology is available to meet your company’s specific needs. Determine the specific number of tape drives needed and the required data transfer rate is going to be for your network. To set the backups needed for your network, (as before) you must move the data from all your clients, to your media servers fast enough to finish backups within your backup window. Then determine the size of your systems ‘Netback up’ image database, exactly how much disk space will be needed to store your entire Netback up image database, the size of the ‘Netback up relational database’ (NBDB), and the required space that will be needed to handle the NBDB. Then calculate how much media will be needed to handle both full and incremental backups, plus you must determine how many tapes will be needed not only to store, but also to be able to retrieve and keep your backups. The next step will be to estimate the size of the tape library your network needs to store your backups and if you need to use robotic library tape slots in order to store your backups. General Threats to Network and Information Security is the primary concern in e-business. The assets of the e-business services and other electronic services should be protected in order to preserve the  authenticity, confidentiality, integrity and availability of the service. Administrators normally find that putting together a security policy that restricts both users and attacks is time consuming and costly. Many users in companies also become disgruntled at the heavy security policies making their work difficult for no discernible reason, causing bad politics within the company. A common attitude among users is that if no secret is being performed, and then why bother implementing security. Malicious attackers can gain access or deny services in numerous ways, for example with Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, password cracking, denial of service attacks, E- mail hacking, impersonation, Eavesdropping, Packet replay, packet modification, social engineering, intrusion attacks, and Network spoofing. Attackers are not the only ones who can harm an organization. The primary threat to data integrity comes from authorized users who are not aware of the actions they are performing. Errors and omissions can lose, damage, or alter valuable data. Users, data entry clerks, system operators, and programmers frequently make unintentional errors that contribute to security problems, directly and indirectly. Sometimes the error is the threat, such as a data entry error or a programming error that crashes a system. In other cases, errors create vulnerabilities. Errors can occur in all phases of the system life cycle. Programming and development errors, often called bugs, range in severity from irritating to catastrophic. Improved software quality has reduced but not eliminated this threat. Installation and maintenance errors also cause security problems. There are ways to keeping Riordan Manufacturing safe from all these problems. One way to protect the company is by having Common Access Cards for all employees. With these cards it will have all the employees personal Information and will also protect the employee from identity theft of employees personal information. By having these cards the IT personal will know exactly who the one that used certain computer was and be able to know when they did it. By keeping track of when and where every employee logs in. It is known for human errors to be number one risk for security side. Most of the hacking done by people has to do also because of a mistake of a worker. To reduce all of these things Training will have to be programmed to reduce human mistakes will on the job and after the job. Mobile phones are another threat to Riordan Manufacturing, because there are people that log on to the companies using their phones and many times they forget to close the account. By leaving this account open the company is vulnerable to hackers getting to the companies account and doing a great deal of damage. To prevent these types of things these part will have to be covered in Training through the company and the company will have to have all of their employees with a certain access to have a company phone and have them use only that phone to access the account if necessary. The phones will be protected at all times to make sure that no hacker is getting in to the account through these phones. Also if for some reason the employee wants to take action against the company and give secret information through the phone this should also be known through the company. A replay attack occurs when a valid media transmission between two parties is intercepted and retransmitted for malicious purposes. SRTP used in connection with a secure signaling protocol protects transmissions from replay attacks by enabling the receiver to maintain an index of already received RTP packets and compare each new packet with those already listed in the index. Many hackers like to do Spoofing, and this occurs when the attacker determines and uses an IP address of a network, computer, or network component when not authorized to do so. A successful attack allows the attacker to operate as if the attacker is the entity normally identified by the IP address. The largest threat in the Promises study was undocumented or unsecured USB devices. About 13 percent of the surveyed endpoints had them. This isnt just a theoretical concern. A 2005 Yankee Group survey found that 37 percent of the companies surveyed believed USB devices were used to compromise corporate information. Another way the company will be protected from is from unauthorized peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing programs that are often forbidden by company policy, 4 percent of the surveyed computers had such applications installed. This problem is getting worse. Not only are more peer-to-peer networks making their way onto corporate networks, but computer criminals have started using them to compromise and take over computers wholesale. Also cyber-attacks are costing the U. S. economy an estimated $8 billion a year. How much money is going from Riordan Manufacturing? This is a problem that has to be taken care of by reducing Human Errors since this is the largest threat to IT Security. Since Most breaches in critical corporate data are not the result of malicious intent. They are the result of mistakes made in the way security is managed and configured across the business especially at the network level. All of these problems are not only costing the company also nearly nine million U. S. residents are victims of identity theft each year. The â€Å"SOX requires publicly traded companies to secure information systems to the extent necessary to ensure the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. † (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Companies must now take into consideration that IT well trained and educated security support teams must be brought into the process to provide protection any leaks or intrusion in order to meet the compliance deadlines. â€Å"Section: 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have had the highest impact on Information Technology and Security. The IT related issues that cause problems for SOX compliance in the context of Section 404 are generally related to access control of system users. † (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Without adequate access controls in place, users can perform functions/activities that are in conflict with their job responsibilities are to modify/corrupt financial data. Controls to initiate/record unauthorized transactions commit fraud and cover their tracks. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act in some ways comes off very vague and open to interpretation leaving companies unsure how to handle compliance. The best way to start is to identify significant and potential high risk problems when going through the process, identifying specific systems, data processors, and control links whose integrity could be compromised. Once these problems within the network have been identified, effective controls must be implemented to address these deficiencies, to record their regularity and frequency, and to evaluate them to ensure that the proper set of controls is kept in place protecting system integrity. The Bill was introduced (and named for) sponsors; Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and U. S. Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH), as a reaction to a large number of various scandals that had exposed excessive wrong doing in the corporate world, costing investors billions of dollars and many companies to collapse. â€Å"The act contains 11 titles, or sections, ranging from additional corporate board responsibilities to criminal penalties, and requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to implement rulings on requirements to comply with the law. † (SOX-online, 2012, p. 1). The Constructing new data base network for Riordan Manufacturing will have to take all SOX rules, regulations and requirements  into consideration at each step along the way in order to stay within the guidelines of the law. General Threats to Network and Information Security is the primary concern in e-business. The assets of the e-business services and other electronic services should be protected in order to preserve the authenticity, confidentiality, integrity and availability of the service. Administrators normally find that putting together a security policy that restricts both users and attacks is time consuming and costly. Many users in companies also become disgruntled at the heavy security policies making their work difficult for no discernible reason, causing bad politics within the company. A common attitude among users is that if no secret is being performed, and then why bother implementing security. Malicious attackers can gain access or deny services in numerous ways, for example with Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, password cracking, denial of service attacks, E- mail hacking, impersonation, Eavesdropping, Packet replay, packet modification, social engineering, intrusion attacks, and Network spoofing. Attackers are not the only ones who can harm an organization. The primary threat to data integrity comes from authorized users who are not aware of the actions they are performing. Errors and omissions can lose, damage, or alter valuable data. Users, data entry clerks, system operators, and programmers frequently make unintentional errors that contribute to security problems, directly and indirectly. Sometimes the error is the threat, such as a data entry error or a programming error that crashes a system. In other cases, errors create vulnerabilities. Errors can occur in all phases of the system life cycle. Programming and development errors, often called bugs, range in severity from irritating to catastrophic. Improved software quality has reduced but not eliminated this threat. Installation and maintenance errors also cause security problems. There are ways to keeping Riordan Manufacturing safe from all these problems. One way to protect the company is by having Common Access Cards for all employees. With these cards it will have all the employees personal Information and will also protect the employee from identity theft of employees personal information. By having these cards the IT personal will know exactly who the one that used certain computer was and be able to know when they did it. By keeping track of when and where every employee logs in. It is known for human errors to be number one risk for security side. Most of the hacking done by people has to do also because of a mistake of a worker. To reduce all of these things Training will have to be programmed to reduce human mistakes will on the job and after the job. A replay attack occurs when a valid media transmission between two parties is intercepted and retransmitted for malicious purposes. SRTP used in connection with a secure signaling protocol protects transmissions from replay attacks by enabling the receiver to maintain an index of already received RTP packets and compare each new packet with those already listed in the index. Many hackers like to do Spoofing, and this occurs when the attacker determines and uses an IP address of a network, computer, or network component when not authorized to do so. A successful attack allows the attacker to operate as if the attacker is the entity normally identified by the IP address. The largest threat in the Promises study was undocumented or unsecured USB devices. About 13 percent of the surveyed endpoints had them. This isnt just a theoretical concern. A 2005 Yankee Group survey found that 37 percent of the companies surveyed believed USB devices were used to compromise corporate information. Another way the company will be protected from is from unauthorized peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing programs that are often forbidden by company policy, 4 percent of the surveyed computers had such applications installed. This problem is getting worse. Not only are more peer-to-peer networks making their way onto corporate networks, but computer criminals have started using them to compromise and take over computers wholesale. Also cyber-attacks are costing the U. S. economy an estimated $8 billion a year. How much money is going from Riordan Manufacturing? This is a problem that has to be taken care of by reducing Human Errors since this is the largest threat to IT Security. Since Most breaches in critical corporate data are not the result of malicious intent. They are the result of mistakes made in the way security is managed and configured across the business especially at the network level. All of these problems are not only costing the company also nearly nine million U. S. residents are victims of identity theft each year. The importance of explicit enterprise security policies and procedures are necessary in a structured network as we currently have in Riordan Manufacturing Inc. and in any other establishment whereas you depend on sending and receiving data over the internet. If no security policy boundaries would be taken seriously, each and one of us would be leaving ourselves vulnerable to malicious computer hackers, corrupted information sent on emails such as; Trojan horses, viruses etc.. As a growing company, we want to protect and ensure that personal information is not compromised and that company policy security awareness procedures are taken. Once a year all employees at Riordan will be required to complete an online assessment of standard procedures for computer use at the facility. If there are any suspicious cyber crime activities occurring, it shall always be reported immediately to the corresponded employee’s supervisor. Mobile work stations have been limited to company issued wireless devices inside the premises, excluding personal cell phones, smart phones, Mp3 players, portable media players, Laptops, tablets, USB drives or external hard drives. All data is classified and is set into four different categories; restricted/proprietary, confidential, sensitive and public. Employees must act appropriately, to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information unless if you have been authorized to access it, if it is utilized as a legitimate business need or shared with other company employees, then it is considered acceptable to the Riordan security policy. Our proposal of upgrading the current switches to the 24 port Meraki Cisco switch and the addition of MR24 Cisco access points will benefit the security policy of networking operations. The Network Security options, Firewalls (2013) website, both pieces of hardware’s have built in firewall management which will assist the network from intruders degrading our system. The purpose of a firewall is to secure the in house network and from non-trusted networks, by blocking content off the internet. Also knows as a choke point, a firewall provides a particular point of contact, enabling users to browse the internet from approved resources located internally or outside the network. It appears as a solitary address to the open public, providing the user access to the non-trusted network through SOCKS, proxy servers and from network address translation (NAT), while keeping the internal networks address private. This technique minimizes impersonating or cyber attack less likely because the firewall maintains the privacy of your internal networks (Network Security Options, Firewalls, 2013). Although firewalls can be limited to what it can protect, such as files that contain file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet amongst the other possible ways of data corruption but it will not necessarily protect them depending on specific destination of the information being transmitted and if the user decides to encrypt the data. When using wireless technology, this can bring several risks to the Network, because hackers can access any unencrypted wireless devices or access points. Having a Wi-Fi protected network will minimize the chances of anyone breaking into the system.

Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close Analysis

Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close Analysis While writing about Oscar, Foer drew upon the emotions Oskar faces after his fathers death. He writes about an anger, fear, confusion, love, grief, hope, and uncertainty with unflinching clarity. In my opinion, Foer realizes that although the details of intense experiences vary between people, the emotions behind them are universal. The crossroads between hope and grief are at their most poignant long after Oskar has started looking for the lock to the key he discovered in his fathers closet. In Oskars vocabulary, the words extremely and incredibly occupy a great deal of space. For instance, Oskar turns the dials on Abe Blacks hearing aid extremely slowly (Foer 165). The birds fly by the window extremely fast and incredibly close (Foer 165). Oskar has an extremely important rehearsal for Hamlet (Foer 168). He tells his mother he is extremely brave (Foer 169). He writes EXTREMELY DEPRESSED and then INCREDIBLY ALONE to describe his feelings (Foer 171). All of this describes a boy who i s living in a heightened state of anxiety. Events do not just happen in Oskars world. They take on an exaggerated sense of importance or nearness or loudness; he is overreacting in the face of a terrible tragedy that is also a very personal one. He worries that his mother will not be there in the morning. Try as she might to convince him otherwise, he knows from experience that the possibility of her not returning from work one day is real. So everything in his life is critical because it may be the last time and thus Oskar transfers this to his feelings of grief, not recognizing that others, especially his mother, might have similar feelings and be of some comfort to him. That is why he feels incredibly alone or, to use his metaphor, has heavy boots. In the same section as above, his mother mentions that she cries too. Oskar asks her why she rarely lets him see her cry, a question that really means he needs to know that she hurts as much as he does (Foer 171). Oskar is refusing to let go of his dad because of his emotional attachment to his father. I opened the coffin. I was surprised again, although again I shouldnt have been. I was surprised that Dad wasnt there. In my brain I knew he wouldnt be, obviously, But I guess my heart believed something else. Or maybe I was surprised by how incredibly empty it was. (Foer 320) Even with his intelligence level Oskar is not able to get over the emotions running his head because of this tragedy. He cant let go of father and when he goes to dig up his grave with the renter he is hoping that somehow his dad will magically appear in front of his eyes or yet thats what his heart believes. Digging up his fathers empty coffin constructs the climax of the story as it centers around Oskars sadness and reaction to the loss of a loved one. The empty coffin shows how symbolically he cannot accept his father not being in the coffin. When Oscar digs the grave he is surprised at how the coffin is damaged already and knows that his father would not like his coffin to be in this condition. One thing that surprised me was that the coffin was wet. I guess I wasnt excepting that, because how could so much water get underground? (Foer 320) Another thing that surprised me was that the coffin was cracked in a few places, probably from the weight of all that dirt. If Dad had been in there, ants and worms could have gotten in through the cracks and eaten him, or at least microscopic bacteria would have. I knew it shouldnt matter, because one youre dead, you dont feel anything. So why it feels like it mattered? (Foer 320) Another thing that surprised me was how the coffin wasnt even locke d or even nailed shut. The lid just rested on top of it, so that anyone who wanted to could open it up. That didnt seem right. Oskar is starting to accept the fact that his dads body could have been in the coffin, and comes to realize that he isnt because of how they coffin is treated already. The physical and emotional journey Oskar goes on in order to connect once more with his father demonstrates how intertwined hope and grief are regardless of the age at which one experiences loss. Oskar states: I turned on the radio and found a station playing Hey Jude. It was true, I didnt want to make it bad. I wanted to take a sad song and make it better. Its just that I didnt know how (Foer 207). This is an incredibly heartfelt moment: Oskar wants to feel good again, but he does not know how to do so. He does not know how to be happy but remember his father; he does not know how to forgive his mother for trying to move on; he does not know how to live anymore. Everything he had known up until September 11th is foreign to him. Such feelings are not only poignant, but empathetic. Foer tries to portray that Oskars and everyone experiences are unique to their life, but that their emotions are universally inescapable. Everyone goes through a trying time in life, regardless of age, nati onality, wealth, or title.

The Pitiful Prufrock of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay

The Pitiful Prufrock of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T.S. Elliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," is a melancholy poem of one man's   frustrated search to find the meaning of his existence.   The speaker's strong use of imagery contributes to the poems theme of communion and loneliness. The Poem begins with an invitation from Prufrock to follow him through his self-examination. The imagery of this invitation begins with a startling simile, "Let us go then you and I/ When the evening is spread out against the sky/ Like a patient etherised upon a table." This simile literally describes the evening sky, but functions on another level. Prufrock's description of the "etherised"   evening indicates an altering of perception, and an altering of time, which creates a dreamlike quality throughout the poem. This dreamlike quality is supported throughout the poem with the "yellow fog" that contributes to the slowed-down-etherised feeling of the poem. Time and perception are effectively "etherised" in this poem.      It is almost as if the poem is a suspended moment of realization of one man's life, "spread out against the sky". The imagery of the patient represents Prufrock's self-examination. Furthermore, the imagery of the "etherised patient" denotes a person waiting for treatment. It seems this treatment will be Prufrock's examination of himself and his life. Prufrock repeats his invitation and asks the reader to follow him through a cold and lonely setting that seems to be the Prufrock's domain.   The imagery of the journey through the   city is described   as   pointed to lead the reader (and more accurat... ....   He knows the approval he covets comes from a frivolous, futile, class of people.   He has heard them talk for years and knows only fashion, appearance, art, and style are deemed worthy of discussion.   In fact, he listened so long he can't hear there voices anymore. He can only hear "voices dying with a dying fall," not unlike the indistinguishable hum of music playing in another room.   But this is fine with him, because he and his world are once again at a comfortable place.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally and permanently, Prufrock accepts that he will never be a prophet like Lazarus or a prince like Hamlet, and he slips into the safety of a fantasy world. Works Consulted: T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 6th ed. Vol. 2. ed. M. H. Abrams New York, London: Norton, 1993.

An Essay on the Presidential Candidates of 2000

When examining the candidates for the 2000 Presidential election, it becomes very clear that the only logical choice for President is Al Gore. Gore has many plans for his presidency that will greatly improve the way our country works and runs. First of all, Gore wishes to reform the way in which elections are run, and attempt to sever the omnipresent link between money and political influence, thus providing more fair elections. Another plan of Gore†s is to set aside 400 billion dollars especially for Medicare, and to make sure the money is not used for other purposes, thereby improving the lives of both the elderly and the less fortunate. In order to better the lives of all citizens and provide for more safety, Gore also wishes to close the so-called â€Å"gun show loophole† that allows consumers to bypass the Brady Bill. Lastly, to better equip the children of today for the world of tomorrow, Gore intends to reform education by providing preschool for all children, and making college tuition tax deductible. The first of Al Gore†s many changes he has in store for our country could possibly be the most important one. Gore seeks to change the very way we decide on and elect our officials who run the country, and he intends to do so in a way that ensures a more fair and equal election. What is the key to this electoral equilibrium? Money. For a long time people and political analysts have noticed a certain trend coinciding with a candidate†s political influence and how much money he has at his disposal. Traditionally, the candidates with more money get more exposure to the public, get more high influence individuals and agencies backing them up, and therefore end up with more votes than those candidates with less cash. Severing this link between politics and money would be a wonderful change for our country. One of the main ways in which Gore intends to increase equality among presidential candidates is to ban â€Å"soft money. † Soft money is money contributed to a candidate by companies or individuals in order to boost their campaign. In place of this money, Gore intends to establish a tax-free foundation to fund campaigns, thereby supplying each candidate with the same amount of money to campaign with as he/she pleases. This fund will accept tax-deductible donations from companies and individuals, and then give each candidate their equal share. It is estimated that this foundation, called the Democracy Endowment, will raise 7. 1 billion dollars within a seven year period, while only suffering a loss of 2. 1 billion in taxes. This equal-endowment plan will even the playing field for the candidates, and give each an equal opportunity to campaign. In addition to equal campaign funding, Gore supports the idea of allowing each candidate an equal amount of free air time on television to campaign with. This, too, will give each candidate an equal chance to be heard, independent of how much money he/she has. These proposals, among his others, will help to sever the link between money and political influence, change the way elections are run, and provide for more fair elections. Another major problem that plagues millions of Americans today is the issue if Medicare. Medicare is the government health insurance program for the elderly, and provides care for about 40 million seniors annually. In recent years, much attention has been called to this program regarding its coverage. The general sense is that Medicare is not adequately insuring its seniors. One cause of this decline in coverage is the money allotted to Medicare. Many times, when other projects start to run over their budget, the politicians â€Å"dip into the cookie jar,† and take small amounts here and there from the Medicare stash, leaving our seniors with less than adequate medical coverage. Gore wants this to stop. His plan that he wishes to implement sets aside 400 billion dollars strictly for Medicare, and ensures that this money cannot be used for other purposes. This will mean guaranteed improvement of the medical treatments and attention those covered will receive. In addition to the 400 billion dollars, Gore has plans for a 253 billion dollar, 10 year program to add a prescription drug benefit to further aid Medicare users. These programs will definitely improve the living conditions of what is fast becoming the largest percent of the American population. Gore does not stop at improving living conditions for the elderly. He recognizes many ways of raising the quality of life for all US citizens, one of them being in the area of safety. In an effort to make our country a safer place to live, Gore intends to close the so called â€Å"gun show loophole† that essentially allows consumers to buy assorted weapons and handguns without waiting periods or background checks, completely bypassing the Brady Bill. A report released by the Justice Department found that felons illegally bought weapons at gun shows in 46 percent of the 314 cases it studied, and the weapons used in the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado were purchased at a gun show in Denver. Closing this loophole would mean fewer weapons in the hands of people who shouldn†t have them, and therefore safer places to live everywhere. It would be foolish not to enact this change, therefore making it foolish not to vote for Gore. The last key issue on which Gore has many great ideas has more impact on the future than any of his other plans. This issue deals with education. Over the last 20 years, spending on education has risen 62 percent, yet we have experienced a 7 percent decline in enrollment. Studies have shown that giving children a good educational start in the beginning is an excellent way to aid their future in the education department. That is precisely why Gore wants to provide preschool to all children. Giving them a solid start in their earliest years instills the basic principles of behavior and learning skills necessary to be successful in the education system. But, of course, learning skills can only get you so far once you reach the college level. All too often, bright young students do not get to attend college due to a lack of sufficient funds. This is a contributing factor to the difficulty of breaking the chain of poverty. Gore recognizes this, and plans to make college tuition tax deductible. This will soften the blow of tuition check on the lower class families, and allow a greater variety of students from all sorts of backgrounds to further enrich their minds. By doing this, the future of our country will brighten tremendously, as we will have a multitude of new, brilliant minds at work everyday. Education truly is an investment in the future, and Gore knows how to ensure profitable returns. By examining these key points in Gore†s plans for the country, It is obvious that he has the welfare of all citizens on his mind, and that his plans would effectively improve the way our country runs. With that in mind, Gore seems to be the only logical choice for President of the United States.

Lecture Summary

The lecture is about traffic congestions, which is one of the major problems in the UK’s transport system. The lecture consists of 2 main points which are, firstly, the effects of the congestions and secondly, how the British government have tried to address the problem by creating the Integrated Transport Policy. The first point made by the lecturer is that overcrowded roads have its effects. First of all, they affect directly in the country’s economy, as all the lost time have its repercussion decreasing the productivity.Similarly, the pollution affects the local and global environment. In addition to this, has a detrimental effect on public health. In order to solve this problem, the lecturer states that the British government created the Integrated Transport Policy. They carried out a consultation and find out that the improvement of the transport system was not very successful and people prefer to use their own car. Finally, the lecturer moves to explain some succe ssful measures that the government approved with the purpose of reducing congestions.One of the measures was to enable some fast lines in the motorways for cars with more than one occupant. The other one was to charge car user to get access to the city centre from London. Both of the measures were successful and the money that they get from the congestion charging was invested in improving the public transport system. To summarise, the lecturer affirms that the best solution to the problem of overcrowded roads is to implement some small measures to each specific problem, instead of trying to one big solution which can solve all the problems.

Employment in America Essay

The United States is amongst the global states which are embracing low rates of unemployment. Except for the Latin America which is fiercely allied to high informal employment the rest of the American continent is having a low unemployment rate which goes as low as 3% compared to 55-60% for most Asian and African countries. Broadly, the effects of law rate of unemployment in the US can be allied to the interaction phenomena in both the macroeconomic and microeconomic structures which have acted to influence the broad array of the economic growth. The state of the economy is stable with few challenges into the inhibitors of poor states of economy. Over decade of years, US have enjoyed the superiority context into a stable state of the economy with elsewhere high purchasing power of the American dollar. Across the global imagery, it has enjoyed various economic benefits and economic integrations of its stable state of economy and strong purchasing power of its currency. High state of economic activity have been the launching pad and the benchmark into high capital inflows from other states through foreign investment in America and the economies allied to favorable balance of payments enjoyed by the America. From the favorability in the economic structures, America has continued to embrace the economic structures of a macroeconomic capacity which provide instruments for high rates of employment. For states within the Latin American region, the high rate of informal employment is much functional and beneficiary with even better wages than most formal employments in the developing countries. Broadly, the high rate of employment/low rate of unemployment in American can summarily be explained by the operation interlinkage between various macroeconomic and microeconomic structures. However, the great deal behind this situation can be credited to the macroeconomic variables which are captured in the broad economic equation. Elsewhere, the fiscal and monitory variables in the functional outlay of the American system provides an adequate pursuit for moral sense of high rates of employment. (Riggs, 2004) At one level, microeconomic variables lobby in to define the factors at an individual level which influence and determine the state of employment. This is mostly credited to the reciprocating factors in the relationship between household income and the levels of consumption and savings. Generally, the economic model of personal income is described as a function of consumption and saving. The relative changes to one another gives the respective marginal propensities (to consume and save). The two are reciprocals of one another where a decrease in one will increase the other. However, within America, the individual population has high marginal propensity to save due to the high income obtained from the formal employment and informal cases. With high saving ratios, the population is able to finance investment cost for new investment structure. The general investment portfolio within the US is highly favorable and highly growing to shoulder in the relatively high employment requirements. High investment structures provide an adequate room with which the broader human population is able to be absorbed within the employment structures. (Riggs, 2004) Macroeconomic influences provide a great refuge for creating employment opportunities. Such macroeconomic tools can be defined in terms of the economic environment to yield adequate economic conditions for a high rate of employment. Generally, the fiscal economic variable does a lot to provide adequate environment for ensuring high state of economic activity. Generally, the federal government has done a lot about its spending to the public. High government spending has been a benchmark in the foundations of high states of economic activity which does not compromise high employment rates. Government spending has been of a diverse nature in which it has provided various insurance allowances to the unemployed above other social structures allied to the public population. Government spending has helped to increase the broad income supply within the public. High expenditure has been an instrument in to the provision of capital for investment by the people. Elsewhere, the federal government has been in the forefront in instituting various structures aimed at providing adequate environment in its investment in government investment. Fiscal policy has also been promoted by various adequate systems in its taxing structure. Consequently, the taxing system has provided a comprehensive package of desirable rate of taxes which are less prone driving out investors from the economy due to losses through government taxation. Through adequate levels of taxes which include tax exemption and rebates for various persons within the economy, the people and investment bodies have embraced the value consequence allied to such law rates of taxes. (Riggs, 2004) Within the America, the monitory policy does a lot in providing an adequate environment for high rates of employment and the reduction of various unemployment inequalities borne of the people. The strong sense of the monitory policy provides a structure with which capital inflow is available. Indeed, America is amongst the global states in which case capital inflow is subordinately of high scale and encompassing no monitory rigidities. Broadly, the American monitory policy can be described in terms of the state of money supply and the demand for American dollar. However, the two sides (both the demand and the supply conditions) show a concrete rigidity in their equilibrium level. The state of money supply is equal to the relative demand which helps to provide an attractive state of equilibrium. With equilibrium in the money market, the American dollar has embraced a high state of purchasing power. Economically, such high purchasing power has been the backbone of facilitating high capital inflows within the states. High purchasing power has provided economic advantage in the international symmetry of economic integrations. Through favorable conditions of economic integrations, America has embraced high capital inflows from its trading partners. (Riggs, 2004) Alternatively a positive challenge into the monitoring system has been a solid factor for the influence of a positive balance of payment. Economically, desirable conditions and states of the monetary marketing are discretionally importance factors in determining the state of employment. Every high employment is an in depended variable of the state of monitory policies. Conceptually, stable monetary economy defines the stability in the economic integration and the parameters of balance of payments. A stable economy is discretionary important for providing structures aimed at improving the state of employment. For every essence of capital inflow within America, this has been a foundation aimed at improving the export level and decreasing the state of foreign imports. Every aspect of high exports than imports helps to improve the state of employment. To America, the low rates of unemployment are counter factors determined by the existing state of high export than imports. Stability in the economic state and the purchasing power of the currency has helped to improve the state of capital inflow within America High capital investment from the foreign world which has helped to improve the existing state of employment states. Summarily, the low state of unemployment in America can be allied to the prevailing economic structures existing within the American economy. The same has favored the stable state of investment which has on the other hand helped to increase the rate of employment within the state.

Globilzation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globilzation - Essay Example Thus economic forces enabled international marketing to get energized and, which in turn, set in the challenging assignment of making commercial sense out of cultures to which wares were marketed. Devetak and Higgott explain how globalization has brought about a weakening of an intra national social bond. They further posit that ongoing process of globalization causes constant disruption in existing social bond. It is their view that "under conditions of globalization, assumptions made about the social bond are changing; .... the article concludes that the prospects for a satisfactory synthesis of a liberal economic theory of globalization, a normative political theory of the global public domain, and a new social bond are remote"(Devetak & Higgott 1999). Again, in a slightly different context, Phillip W.Jones makes a statement which is extremely relevant to the definition of globalization in present context. Jones states that," The logic of globalization contrasts markedly with that of internationalism. The latter, with its intrinsically democratic foundation, looks to a world ordered by structures supportive of that functionalism which is embedded in accountability. Globalization, by contrast, implies few logical imperatives in favor of accountability, but rather looks to the pursuit of interest on the global level through the operation of unfettered capitalism"(Jones,1998).According to Jones view international marketing efforts in new cultural milieu would fall in the category of 'globalization' as defined by him. However multinational corporations take a broader view of their international marketing efforts and venture in new international markets only after completing a thorough study of local cultures. New technological develop ments, improvements in communication, growth in transnational infrastructure and liberalizing of trade and capital flows have enabled entrepreneurs the globe over to deploy and run their capitals chasing markets the globe over. The globalization aligned attitudes of IMF and World Bank are exemplified with clarity by Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, when he says that," The key aim of today's policy makers has not changed compared to those at the Bretton Woods times - it has been, and still is, global prosperity and stability - but the environment in which we are acting has changed profoundly......Today we are striving for stability of the international financial system in a world of free capital flows with a growing importance of private flows and increasing trade and financial integration"(Trichet, 2004).As Roby says," world-wide output and trade have grown apace with market openings and the rise of efficient global business networks these past 15 years. An entrepreneurial class is energizing once-stagnant command economies" (Roby, 2005). It is at once apparent that this 'entrepreneurial class' is essentially limited in number the globe over and its population effectively determines the contours of globalization. Washington Consensus John Williamson, the person responsible for the phrase Washington Consens